R-W-C Policy

RETRACTION, WITHDRAWAL, AND CORRECTION (R-W-C) POLICY

Jurnal Desain Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia (JDLBI) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. This policy follows the publication ethics principles outlined in the Core Practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1. ARTICLE RETRACTION

Retraction is issued when a published article contains serious problems that undermine the reliability, integrity, or ethical acceptability of its content.

Grounds for retraction may include:

- Unreliable findings resulting from serious errors, data fabrication, or falsification.
- Plagiarism or substantial unattributed overlap that compromises the originality or integrity of the article.
- Duplicate or redundant publication without appropriate disclosure.
- Serious violations of research ethics or publication ethics.
- Proven authorship misconduct, peer-review manipulation, or other serious breaches of publication integrity.
- Fabricated data, false references, or materially misleading content arising from inappropriate use of artificial intelligence or other tools.

A similarity score alone does not establish plagiarism, and the use of AI tools or an authorship dispute does not automatically justify retraction. Each case will be assessed based on the available evidence and its impact on the published article.

When retraction is warranted, the Editor-in-Chief or a designated editor will assess the evidence, seek explanations from relevant parties where appropriate, and determine the appropriate action. JDLBI will publish a formal Notice of Retraction explaining the reasons and linking it to the original article.

The original article will ordinarily remain accessible and clearly marked as RETRACTED on the article page and, where technically feasible, on the PDF. The retraction notice and original article will be linked to preserve the publication record.

2. EXPRESSION OF CONCERN

JDLBI may issue an Expression of Concern when credible evidence raises serious questions about a published article but the available information is insufficient to reach a final decision.

The notice will identify the article and explain the concern to the extent supported by available evidence. It will be linked to the original article.

An Expression of Concern does not constitute a finding of misconduct. Following further assessment, JDLBI may issue a correction, retract the article, or take no further action.

3. MANUSCRIPT WITHDRAWAL

Manuscript withdrawal refers to the removal of an unpublished submission from the editorial workflow.

Authors requesting withdrawal must submit a written request through the corresponding author, stating the manuscript title, identification number, and reason for withdrawal, with confirmation that all co-authors agree to the request.

Withdrawal requests will be assessed by the Editor-in-Chief or a designated editor. Authors must not submit the same manuscript to another journal while it remains under consideration by JDLBI. Withdrawal must be confirmed by the editorial office before submission elsewhere.

Unexplained or unauthorized withdrawal will be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Where evidence indicates deliberate deception, duplicate submission, or other publication misconduct, JDLBI may take proportionate action under its Research Misconduct Policy.

Once an article has been formally published, it cannot be treated as an ordinary manuscript withdrawal. Any subsequent action must follow the procedures for correction, retraction, or exceptional removal.

4. ARTICLE CORRECTION

Corrections are issued when errors in a published article can be rectified without requiring retraction.

- Erratum: Corrects errors introduced by the journal during editing, typesetting, or production.
- Corrigendum: Corrects errors originating from the authors that do not invalidate the principal findings or conclusions.
- Addendum: Provides relevant supplementary information that clarifies or expands upon the published article.

The editorial team will assess the reported error and determine the appropriate action. When a formal correction is approved, JDLBI will publish a Correction Notice describing the error and the correction, with a link to the original article.

The online article may be updated where necessary, while the correction history and publication record remain transparent. Minor typographical or formatting errors that do not affect meaning or interpretation may be corrected without a separate notice at the editor's discretion.

5. ARTICLE REMOVAL OR REPLACEMENT

Complete removal or replacement of a published article is an exceptional measure and will be considered only when necessary, such as in response to a valid legal order, a substantiated infringement of third-party rights, or a serious risk of harm.

Retraction is ordinarily preferred over silent deletion when the integrity or reliability of a published article is compromised.

Any replacement must undergo appropriate editorial assessment and, where necessary, further peer review. JDLBI will preserve the article's bibliographic information and provide an appropriate public notice, with links to related versions where feasible and legally permissible.

6. EDITORIAL ASSESSMENT AND APPEALS

Editorial actions are based on available evidence, the seriousness of the issue, its impact on the published record, and applicable publication ethics principles.

The editorial team may request explanations from authors, consult independent experts, or refer matters to the relevant institution when further investigation is required. Editors with relevant conflicts of interest must not control the decision.

Authors may submit a written appeal with a reasoned explanation and supporting evidence. Appeals will be considered by the Editor-in-Chief or an appropriately independent editor. An appeal does not automatically suspend measures necessary to protect readers or the integrity of the scholarly record.

7. RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER POLICIES

This policy operates alongside JDLBI's Research Misconduct Policy, Plagiarism Policy, Authorship Criteria, and Conflict of Interest Policy.

Allegations of research or publication misconduct will be assessed under the Research Misconduct Policy. Where a published article requires correction, an Expression of Concern, retraction, or exceptional removal, the appropriate action will be determined under this R-W-C Policy.

8. CONTACT INFORMATION

Questions or reports concerning corrections, withdrawals, retractions, or other editorial actions should be directed to the JDLBI editorial office through the official contact information provided on the journal website.