R-W-C Policy

RETRACTION, WITHDRAWAL, AND CORRECTION (R-W-C) POLICY

Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia (JLBI) adapts the publication ethics standards stated in the Core Practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Editors, authors, and reviewers are committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. On rare occasions, published articles or submitted manuscripts may require corrections, retractions, or withdrawals to preserve scientific accuracy and ethical compliance.

1. ARTICLE RETRACTION

Retraction is a mechanism for correcting the literature and alerting readers to publications that contain seriously flawed data, unscientific methodologies, or unethical practices.

Criteria for Retraction:

JLBI will consider retracting a publication under the following circumstances:

  • Academic & Ethical Misconduct: Clear evidence that the findings are unreliable as a result of severe misconduct (e.g., data fabrication or falsification) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error).

  • Plagiarism & Overlap: The manuscript violates the JLBI Plagiarism Policy by exhibiting unacknowledged similarity exceeding the 20% threshold, unauthorized copying, or severe overlap with other publications.

  • Redundant / Duplicate Submission: The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper attribution, permission, or justification (duplicate submission).

  • Generative AI Violation: Undisclosed use of Generative AI tools, machine-generated text spinning, or artificial data generation violating JLBI’s AI Policy.

  • Unethical Research & Authorship Disputes: Failure to provide required ethical clearances for research involving human/animal subjects, or unresolved authorship disputes (e.g., ghost/gift authorship or omitting deserving contributors).

Retraction Procedure:

  1. Investigation: Allegations of misconduct are investigated by the Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board following COPE flowcharts.

  2. Notification: The Editor-in-Chief communicates the preliminary findings to the corresponding author for clarification.

  3. Formal Notice: If retraction is decided, a formal Notice of Retraction is published online and linked directly to the original article in the latest journal issue.

  4. Watermarking: The PDF version of the original article is retained on the OJS portal to maintain historical transparency but is watermarked on each page with "RETRACTED". The HTML/OJS article page will clearly display the retraction notice.

2. MANUSCRIPT WITHDRAWAL

Manuscript withdrawal refers to removing an un-published manuscript from the peer-review or publishing workflow after submission.

Policy Statement:

Authors are strongly discouraged from withdrawing submitted manuscripts. Withdrawing a manuscript after submission wastes significant time, effort, and resources spent by the editorial team and peer reviewers.

Withdrawal Conditions & Penalties:

  • Unapproved Withdrawal: Authors are not allowed to withdraw a manuscript that is actively under peer-review or undergoing copyediting/layout processing without valid, documented justification approved by the Editor-in-Chief.

  • Formal Request: To request a withdrawal, the corresponding author must submit an official Request Letter for Manuscript Withdrawal signed by all co-authors, explicitly stating the reason.

  • Administrative Sanctions:

    • Unilateral or arbitrary manuscript withdrawal (e.g., withdrawing to submit to another journal after review resources have been spent) is considered academic misconduct.

    • Authors who execute an unapproved withdrawal or fail to fulfill editorial revision commitments without communication may be subject to administrative penalties, including a 1 to 3-year submission ban for all co-authors across JLBI.

3. ARTICLE CORRECTION (ERRATUM & CORRIGENDUM)

Corrections are issued to amend minor errors that do not invalidate the scientific conclusions, findings, or overall integrity of the published work.

Types of Correction:

  • Erratum (Publisher Error): Corrects significant administrative, layout, or typesetting errors introduced by the journal during copyediting/production that affect readability or metadata (e.g., misspelled author name, incorrect DOI, or graphical alignment issue).

  • Corrigendum (Author Error): Corrects honest errors made by the authors that do not compromise the study's conclusions (e.g., minor calculation error, omitted reference, or small correction in figure/table descriptions).

  • Addendum: An addition made by the authors to explain inconsistencies, expand upon existing work, or provide additional contextual information.

Correction Procedure:

  1. Authors or readers must notify the Editor-in-Chief immediately upon discovering an error in a published article.

  2. If approved, a formal Correction Notice will be published online in the current issue, specifying the original error and the correction made.

  3. The online PDF/HTML version of the article will be updated to reflect the correction, accompanied by a footnote detailing the correction history and date.

4. ARTICLE REMOVAL / REPLACEMENT

In extremely rare and exceptional circumstances, an article may be entirely removed from the online OJS platform or replaced.

Criteria for Removal or Replacement:

  • Legal Injunctions: The article is subject to a court order or legal injunction.

  • Severe Defamation or Risk: The article contains clearly defamatory statements, infringes upon third-party legal rights, or poses severe biosecurity or health risks if acted upon.

  • Replacement: If an article is retracted due to an honest, critical error, but the authors subsequently correct the methodology and findings, the Editorial Board may allow the publication of a corrected, re-peer-reviewed version linked to the retraction history.