Authorship Criteria

JLBI recognizes authorship based on substantial intellectual contributions to the work and accountability for its content. All individuals listed as authors must meet the authorship criteria outlined below.

1. Authorship Eligibility

To qualify for authorship, each author must fulfill all of the following criteria:

Make a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data or other material relevant to the article.
Participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
Approve the final version of the manuscript before submission or publication.
Agree to be accountable for the accuracy and integrity of their contributions and to assist in resolving questions concerning any part of the work.

Individuals who do not meet all authorship criteria should not be listed as authors but may be acknowledged for their specific contributions, with their permission.

2. Author Responsibilities

All authors share responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the published work. Each author must:

Ensure that their contributions are accurately represented.
Approve the submitted manuscript and any subsequent revisions requiring author approval.
Disclose relevant conflicts of interest.
Ensure that the manuscript is original and that all sources are properly cited.
Cooperate with the editorial team in addressing questions, corrections, or concerns regarding the published article.

3. First Author and Corresponding Author

The first author is generally the individual who has made the leading intellectual contribution to the work and manuscript preparation, as agreed upon by all authors.

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the editorial office throughout submission, peer review, revision, and publication. The corresponding author must ensure that all co-authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript and have agreed to its submission to JLBI.

The corresponding author is also responsible for coordinating responses to editorial queries and communicating relevant publication decisions and updates to all co-authors.

4. Author Order and Contributions

The order of authors must be agreed upon by all authors before submission and should reflect their respective contributions to the work. JLBI does not prescribe a single author-ordering convention for all disciplines; authors should follow the conventions appropriate to their field and ensure that the arrangement is mutually agreed upon.

Where appropriate, authors are encouraged to provide a statement describing each author's contribution.

5. Changes in Authorship

Any request to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission must be submitted in writing to the editorial office, with a clear explanation and written agreement from all authors, including those being added or removed.

JLBI reserves the right to suspend editorial processing while the request is evaluated. Changes in authorship after publication will be considered only when justified and supported by appropriate documentation, in accordance with the journal's publication ethics policies.

6. Contributors and Acknowledgments

Individuals who contribute to the work but do not meet all authorship criteria may be acknowledged for their specific contributions, such as technical assistance, language editing, administrative support, or general supervision.

Acknowledgment must not be used as a substitute for authorship where the authorship criteria are fulfilled. Permission should be obtained from individuals before they are named in the acknowledgment section.

7. Unacceptable Authorship Practices

JLBI does not permit the following practices:

Gift or honorary authorship: listing individuals who have not made the required intellectual contributions.
Ghost authorship: omitting individuals who have made substantial contributions that warrant authorship.
Guest authorship: including names primarily to increase the perceived credibility or likelihood of acceptance of a manuscript.
Unauthorized authorship changes: adding, removing, or changing the order of authors without the required agreement.

Suspected authorship violations will be handled in accordance with JLBI's publication ethics and research misconduct policies.

8. Artificial Intelligence and Authorship

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot take responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and accountability of scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for the content of their manuscripts, including material generated or assisted by AI tools. Any use of AI tools must comply with JLBI's applicable AI-use and disclosure policy.

Authors must verify the accuracy of AI-assisted content, ensure that citations are genuine and relevant, and avoid submitting fabricated data, references, or unsupported claims.

9. Editorial Responsibility

The editorial team may request clarification or supporting documentation when authorship concerns arise. Decisions will be made in accordance with the journal's publication ethics policies and applicable scholarly publishing standards.